A practical reference on anti-doping: what it is, how it behaves, what the literature reports, and where the honest uncertainties sit.
This page was last updated on 2026-04-04 and is reviewed periodically as new material appears.
SR9009 is not approved as a medicine by major regulatory agencies. It is commonly sold as a research chemical, a category that may fall outside customary drug approval and quality rules. In sports, the World Anti-Doping Agency lists SR9009 as a prohibited substance. Athletes who use it can face sanctions if it is detected in a sample. Legal status varies by country, and importation may be restricted. Enforcement practices differ across borders.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually employs liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This method can identify the parent compound and sometimes metabolites in urine or blood. Because exposure can be low and clearance may be rapid, sample timing and limits of detection matter. Laboratories validate assays for sensitivity and specificity. Results are interpreted alongside chain-of-custody and quality-control records. Urine is the common matrix for anti-doping analysis, while blood may be used in research settings.
Handling recommendations for SR9009 in a laboratory setting include storing the solid at low temperature, protected from light and moisture. The compound is often dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol for experiments. Solutions should be prepared with appropriate personal protective equipment and disposed of according to local rules. Stability data for long-term storage are limited, so stock solutions are typically kept cold and used within defined periods. Records of preparation date and concentration support reproducibility.
In laboratory settings, SR9009 is typically characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). These methods can confirm identity and estimate purity, but they require reference standards for accurate quantification. Because SR9009 is not a licensed pharmaceutical, no harmonized pharmacopeial monograph exists. Laboratories often validate in-house methods for matrices such as plasma, urine, or cell culture media. Sample preparation may involve protein precipitation or liquid-liquid extraction before analysis.
Physicochemical behavior influences handling. SR9009 is described as a solid with limited aqueous solubility, so organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol are common in research stock solutions. Aqueous dilution can produce precipitates if the organic content is too low. Light, heat, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles may affect stability. Storage recommendations usually specify a desiccated freezer environment protected from light, but exact stability data depend on the formulation and matrix.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Regulatory status | Not approved as a medicine in major jurisdictions | Sold as a research chemical; legal status varies |
| Anti-doping status | Prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency | Listed under non-approved substances or related category |
| Typical analytical method | LC-MS/MS | Used for detection and confirmation in biological samples |
| Storage temperature | −20 °C or lower for solid | Desiccated and protected from light |
| Common solution solvents | DMSO; ethanol | Aqueous solubility is limited |
Handling practices for SR9009 focus on minimizing degradation and contamination. The solid is generally stored desiccated at or below -20 °C, protected from light and moisture. Stock solutions are often prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol, then aliquoted to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aqueous solubility is low, so formulations for animal studies may require cosolvents or suspending agents. Personnel should follow institutional chemical safety procedures, because toxicological data for humans are incomplete.
Regulatory status varies by country and intended use. Major drug agencies have not granted marketing authorization for SR9009 as a medicine, and it is not listed as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions. It is often sold as a research chemical, a category that may fall outside pharmaceutical manufacturing rules. Buyers should verify local laws and supplier documentation, including certificates of analysis. The lack of standardized quality controls raises concerns about identity, purity, and actual content in products marketed online.
Laboratory samples of SR9009 are typically handled as research chemicals rather than pharmaceuticals. Suppliers usually state that the material is for research use only and not for human or veterinary administration. Storage recommendations generally call for a freezer at approximately −20 °C, protection from light, and a desiccated environment. The solid is often described as a white to off-white powder. Solubility is commonly reported in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, with low solubility in water.
Analytical identification and purity assessment often use high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection or mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is used to detect and quantify SR9009 in biological matrices, including urine and blood, for anti-doping or pharmacokinetic studies. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can confirm molecular structure. Stability depends on form and storage: the solid is generally more stable than solutions, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles may degrade samples. Purity is typically reported as a percentage from a certificate of analysis.
Regulatory treatment of SR9009 varies by country and context. It is not approved as a therapeutic drug by agencies such as the United States Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency. Sports authorities list it as a prohibited substance; the World Anti-Doping Agency classifies it among hormone and metabolic modulators. Legal status for personal possession or sale differs across jurisdictions, and some countries may restrict it under analog or research chemical laws. Buyers who seek verified material often rely on independent laboratory testing because online product labels may not match contents.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is not a steroid, peptide, or natural hormone. In scientific literature, it appears under the code SR9009 and in non-scientific contexts as Stenabolic. The compound was identified through chemical screening efforts aimed at targeting circadian clock components. Its status remains investigational, and no regulatory agency has approved it as a human medicine.
REV-ERB proteins help regulate daily cycles in gene expression, including genes tied to lipid and glucose metabolism. SR9009 binds these receptors and alters their activity in cell and animal experiments. Consequences observed in rodents include changes in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, blood lipid levels, and exercise performance. The precise chain from receptor occupancy to whole-body effects is still an active area of study. Human responses cannot be assumed from rodent data.
Most published work on SR9009 consists of preclinical studies. It is widely sold as a research chemical, a category that does not imply safety, efficacy, or pharmaceutical-grade quality. Sports anti-doping organizations have listed SR9009 as a prohibited substance, and its presence in an athlete sample can lead to sanctions. Legal status differs by country; in several jurisdictions it is not approved for human consumption and may be treated as an unapproved new drug.
== Other television appearances == Pickston has appeared on Celebrity Ghost Hunt Live, broadcast on Channel 5 in 2017 alongside Love Island contestant Chris Hughes. She also took part in a cooking mini series for ITVBe, and an episode of Rich House Poor House for Channel 5.
=== Category:EC 5.1 (racemases and epimerases) === Category:EC 5.1.1 Amino-acid racemase: Phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolysing) Serine racemase Category:EC 5.1.2 Mandelate racemase Category:EC 5.1.3 UDP-glucose 4-epimerase Category:EC 5.1.99 Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase
==== Appointment ==== Initially, the official presentation of the new cabinet was scheduled for 3:30pm on 1 February 2022, but did not occur at the announced time, prompting the resignation of Minister of Economy Pedro Francke. Subsequently, President Castillo postponed the announcement to 5:00 p.m. and adds to the announcement the appointment of the entire new cabinet, before postponing it for a second time to 5:30 p.m. Héctor Valer was appointed President of the council and took the oath of office alongside his cabinet.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
10 September – As the newly discovered BA.2.86 COVID-19 variant (known unofficially as Pirola) continues to spread, Professor Rowland Kao, an infections expert from the University of Edinburgh, calls for lateral flow COVID tests to be made freely available again. 13 September – Alister Jack, the Secretary of State for Scotland, confirms the UK government will not block Scottish Government plans for a drug consumption room pilot scheme in Scotland. 19 September – The Scottish Government begins its legal challenge against Westminster over the UK government's decision to block the controversial Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill. 20 September – Elena Whitham, the Minister for Drugs and Alcohol Policy, announces plans to launch a consultation on raising the minimum price of alcohol in Scotland to 65p a unit. 21 September – Hunter Street Health Centre in the East End of Glasgow is earmarked as the site of the UK's first legal drugs consumption centre. 26 September – Data released by National Records of Scotland indicates life expectancy in Scotland has fallen for the third consecutive year, with the average age now 76.5 years for men and 80.7 years for women; the decrease from 2022 is three weeks for men and six weeks for women. 27 September – Glasgow's Integration Joint Board approves the UK's first official drugs consumption room for illegal drugs.
Communicates with sensory neurons. Mesencephalon Also known as the midbrain, this region of the brainstem is involved in motor control, vision, hearing, and alertness. Metabotropic receptor A type of neurotransmitter receptor that activates a second messenger system via G-proteins, resulting in slower but longer-lasting cellular effects. Microelectrode A very fine electrode used to record the electrical activity of individual neurons. Microglia The resident immune cells of the central nervous system, responsible for clearing debris, responding to injury, and regulating inflammation. Middle ear The air-filled space containing the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) that transmit sound from the outer ear to the inner ear. Midbrain A portion of the brainstem that includes structures such as the tectum and tegmentum. It plays roles in vision, hearing, motor control, and arousal. Mismatch negativity (MMN) An event-related potential detected via EEG that reflects automatic brain response to deviations in auditory stimuli. Used in studies of perception and schizophrenia. Mitochondria Organelles responsible for energy production in cells. In neurons, they play critical roles in metabolism, calcium regulation, and apoptosis. Molecular layer The outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex and cerebral cortex (in some regions), containing relatively few neurons and mostly dendrites, axons, and synapses. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) An enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Targeted by some antidepressants.
The party would also view winning a majority of Scotland's seats at Westminster as a mandate to begin independence negotiations. Labour suspends Andy Brown, its candidate for Aberdeenshire North and Moray East after he was found to have shared pro-Russian posts online. The Scottish Family Party launches its election manifesto, chiefly promoting family values. 20 June – Scottish Parliament authorities have launched an investigation into the potential misuse of expenses to buy postage stamps by members of the SNP in order to send letters to voters. The GMB announces a series of strikes for staff at Whyte & Mackay beginning on 24 June after staff at the whisky distillery rejected the company's latest pay offer. Police remove a group of 26 men from an EasyJet flight at Glasgow Airport over disruptive behaviour. 23 June – Scotland exit Euro 2024 at the group stage after losing 1–0 to Hungary. 24 June – Scottish wildcat kittens have been born in the Cairngorms National Park, in a "major milestone" for the conservation of the Critically Endangered species. The Scottish Conservatives launch their election manifesto, which includes plans to improve teachers' pay, cut the backlog of NHS waiting lists, and to beat the SNP. 25 June – The body of missing grandmother Hazel Nairn is identified after she went missing in floods at the River Don, near Monymusk, in November 2022. Her remains were discovered near Kemnay on 7 May. 26 June – It is announced that the results of the 2022 Scottish Census will contain a breakdown of the country's LGBTQ community for the first time.
=== Marrow fat === Marrow fat, also known as marrow adipose tissue (MAT), is a poorly understood adipose depot that resides in the bone and is interspersed with hematopoietic cells as well as bony elements. The adipocytes in this depot are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) which can give rise to fat cells, bone cells as well as other cell types. The fact that MAT increases in the setting of calorie restriction/ anorexia is a feature that distinguishes this depot from other fat depots. Exercise regulates MAT, decreasing MAT quantity and diminishing the size of marrow adipocytes. The exercise regulation of marrow fat suggests that it bears some physiologic similarity to other white adipose depots. Moreover, increased MAT in obesity further suggests a similarity to white fat depots.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
The two substrates of this enzyme are L-iditol and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Its products are L-sorbose, reduced NADH, and a proton. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-iditol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include polyol dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, L-iditol:NAD+ 5-oxidoreductase, L-iditol (sorbitol) dehydrogenase, glucitol dehydrogenase, L-iditol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase, and NAD+-sorbitol dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism.
=== Projection (plain) radiography === Radiographs (originally called roentgenographs, named after the discoverer of X-rays, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen) are produced by transmitting X-rays through a patient. The X-rays are projected through the body onto a detector; an image is formed based on which rays pass through (and are detected) versus those that are absorbed or scattered in the patient (and thus are not detected). Röntgen discovered X-rays on November 8, 1895, and received the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 for this discovery. In film-screen radiography, an X-ray tube generates a beam of X-rays, which is aimed at the patient. The X-rays that pass through the patient are filtered through a device called a grid or X-ray filter, to reduce scatter, and strike an undeveloped film, which is held tightly to a screen of light-emitting phosphors in a light-tight cassette. The film is then developed chemically and an image appears on the film. Film-screen radiography is being replaced by phosphor plate radiography but more recently by digital radiography (DR) and the EOS imaging. In the two latest systems, the X-rays strike sensors that convert the signals generated into digital information, which is transmitted and converted into an image displayed on a computer screen. In digital radiography the sensors shape a plate, but in the EOS system, which is a slot-scanning system, a linear sensor vertically scans the patient. Plain radiography was one of the earliest imaging modalities used in clinical medicine and remained the most widely used for several decades.
the act was of such a lewd character as to outrage public decency; this element constitutes the nature of the act, which has to be proved before the offence can be established, and the act took place in a public place and must have been capable of being seen by two or more persons who were actually present, even if they did not actually see it. The mens rea of this offence can be satisfied if the defendant intentionally does an act which outrages public decency, regardless of one's state of mind. Judge Peter Rook QC and Robert Ward suggest that obiter dicta in cases such as R v Thallman (1863) 9 Cox CC 388 indicate that the requirement of a "public place" may be falling out of favour, due to its vagueness and redundancy to the requirement for two potential witnesses. In R v Hamilton [2007] EWCA Crim 2062 an act of upskirting in public went undetected until a police search discovered indecent images. It was held that it was immaterial whether a person had actually seen the act, provided it was capable of being seen by at least two persons. Previous cases had all been seen, but this was held to be a matter of evidence, not an element of the offence.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Its legal status depends on the country and intended use. It is not an approved medicine in major jurisdictions. In sport, it is prohibited by anti-doping rules.
Laboratories typically use LC-MS/MS to detect SR9009 and related compounds in urine or blood. The method is sensitive but depends on sample collection timing. Confirmatory analysis follows quality-control procedures.
Solid material is generally kept cold, dry, and protected from light. Solutions are often stored in sealed containers at low temperature. Stability beyond recommended periods is not well documented.
It is usually detected by LC-MS or HPLC-UV against a reference standard. In biological matrices, metabolite targeting can improve detection. No universal immunoassay is widely available.