REV-ERB agonist comes up often in conversation and rarely with the context attached. Here we lay out the basics in order, then work through the practical considerations.
Last reviewed on 2026-05-28. Where a claim depends on a specific study, the study is described rather than over-claimed.
SR9009 is frequently discussed alongside other REV-ERB ligands, including synthetic agonists and natural heme-related molecules. Its selectivity for REV-ERB over related nuclear receptors has been measured in binding and reporter assays, though off-target activity at higher concentrations is possible. The compound is prohibited in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and it is not approved for any medical use in major jurisdictions. Products sold online may be labeled as research chemicals, and their identity and purity are not guaranteed by regulatory review.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule that acts on the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors are part of the circadian clock machinery and normally repress transcription of certain target genes. In laboratory research, SR9009 is used as a chemical tool to study how REV-ERB activity influences metabolism, inflammation, and daily biological rhythms. The compound is not an approved medicine, and its effects in humans remain largely uncharacterized. It is often described as an investigational agent rather than a therapeutic product.
Detection of SR9009 in biological samples usually employs liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This method can identify the parent compound and sometimes metabolites in urine or blood. Because exposure can be low and clearance may be rapid, sample timing and limits of detection matter. Laboratories validate assays for sensitivity and specificity. Results are interpreted alongside chain-of-custody and quality-control records. Urine is the common matrix for anti-doping analysis, while blood may be used in research settings.
Handling recommendations for SR9009 in a laboratory setting include storing the solid at low temperature, protected from light and moisture. The compound is often dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or ethanol for experiments. Solutions should be prepared with appropriate personal protective equipment and disposed of according to local rules. Stability data for long-term storage are limited, so stock solutions are typically kept cold and used within defined periods. Records of preparation date and concentration support reproducibility.
SR9009 is not approved as a medicine by major regulatory agencies. It is commonly sold as a research chemical, a category that may fall outside customary drug approval and quality rules. In sports, the World Anti-Doping Agency lists SR9009 as a prohibited substance. Athletes who use it can face sanctions if it is detected in a sample. Legal status varies by country, and importation may be restricted. Enforcement practices differ across borders.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Common name | SR9009 | Also marketed informally as Stenabolic |
| Chemical class | Synthetic REV-ERB agonist | Binds REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ |
| Molecular formula | C24H30ClN3O4S | Approximate molecular weight 492 g/mol |
| CAS Registry Number | 1379686-30-2 | Identifier for the parent compound |
| Regulatory status | Not approved for human use | Prohibited in sport by WADA |
Identity and purity testing for SR9009 commonly uses liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This method separates the compound from matrix components and detects it by mass-to-charge transitions, providing sensitive and specific confirmation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can support structural identification, while high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection may estimate purity. Because online products labeled as SR9009 may contain other substances or no active compound at all, independent verification is important in research settings. Certificates of analysis are useful but not a substitute for in-house testing.
Laboratory samples of SR9009 are typically supplied as a white to off-white powder. The compound dissolves readily in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol, while its solubility in water is low. Because of this solubility profile, researchers often prepare concentrated stock solutions in an organic solvent before diluting them into aqueous assay buffers. Light exposure, moisture, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles can degrade many small molecules, so handling procedures usually aim to minimize these factors. Purity is commonly checked before use.
Regulatory and sporting contexts treat SR9009 as a prohibited substance in many elite competitions. Its presence on banned lists reflects concerns about performance enhancement and unknown long-term safety. Analytical chemists have developed methods to detect the parent compound and its metabolites in urine and blood. Literature discussions distinguish between in vitro potency, animal pharmacology, and anecdotal human reports. The latter are difficult to verify because products sold online may lack purity or contain different compounds.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule studied as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory gene expression. In cell and animal experiments, SR9009 alters transcription of clock-controlled genes and metabolic pathways. The compound is not a hormone and does not resemble classical steroid structures. Its activity depends on binding to the ligand-binding domain of REV-ERB, where it can modify corepressor recruitment.
Preclinical reports have linked SR9009 to improved endurance and altered energy expenditure in rodents. Such findings have prompted interest in whether REV-ERB activation can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. However, the reported effects depend on dose, route, and experimental model, and replication across laboratories is limited. Human trials have not established comparable outcomes, so claims about exercise performance remain speculative. The absence of controlled human data is a central limitation in interpreting these observations.
The mechanism of action involves binding to REV-ERB receptors and recruiting corepressor complexes, which represses target gene transcription. This contrasts with many nuclear receptor agonists that activate transcription. Downstream effects may include changes in autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipid handling, but the precise pathways remain an active area of study. Whether these molecular events translate into meaningful physiological effects in humans is unresolved. Most evidence comes from cultured cells and rodent models rather than human participants.
SR9009 is a synthetic small molecule developed as an agonist of the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα (NR1D1) and REV-ERBβ (NR1D2). These receptors help regulate circadian rhythms and metabolic gene expression. In cell and animal studies, SR9009 alters transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. It is not an approved medicine, and its pharmacological profile in humans remains largely uncharacterized. The compound is frequently discussed in the context of circadian biology and metabolic research rather than clinical use.
==== Sweden ==== The Riksdag added 4-AcO-DMT to Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act under swedish schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use" ) as of January 25, 2017, published by Medical Products Agency (MPA) in regulation HSLF-FS 2017:1 listed as "4-acetoxi-N,N-dimetyltryptamin".
The third stage of labor describes the period between the birth of the baby and the delivery of the placenta, which normally lasts less than 30 minutes. The delivery of the placenta causes an abrupt drop off of placental hormones. This drop, specifically in progesterone, allows prolactin to work effectively at its receptors in the breast, leading to an array of changes over the next several days that allow the milk to "come in"; these changes are known collectively as Lactogenesis II. Colostrum continues to be produced for these next few days, as Lactogenesis II occurs. Milk may "come in" as late as five days after delivery; however, this process may be delayed due to a number of factors as described in the Process "Delay in milk 'coming in'" subsection below. Oxytocin, which signals the smooth muscle of the uterus to contract during pregnancy, labor, birth and following delivery, is also involved in the process of breastfeeding. Oxytocin also contracts the smooth muscle layer of band-like cells surrounding the milk ducts and alveoli to the newly produced milk through the duct system and out through the nipple. This process is known as the milk ejection reflex, or let-down. Because of oxytocin's dual activity at the breast and the uterus, breastfeeding mothers may also experience uterine cramping at the time of breastfeeding, for the first several days to weeks.
=== Filter === Filter assays are a solid-phase ligand binding assay that use filters to measure the affinity between two molecules. In a filter binding assay, the filters are used to trap cell membranes by sucking the medium through them. This rapid method occurs at a fast speed in which filtration and a recovery can be achieved for the found fraction. Washing filters with a buffer removes residual unbound ligands and any other ligands present that are capable of being washed away from the binding sites. The receptor-ligand complexes present while the filter is being washed will not dissociate significantly because they will be completely trapped by the filters. Characteristics of the filter are important for each job being done. A thicker filter is useful to get a more complete recovery of small membrane pieces, but may require a longer wash time. It is recommended to pretreat the filters to help trap negatively charged membrane pieces. Soaking the filter in a solution that would give the filter a positive surface charge would attract the negatively charged membrane fragments.
== Side effects == Potential side effects of tryptophan supplementation include nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, lightheadedness, headache, dry mouth, blurred vision, sedation, euphoria, and nystagmus (involuntary eye movements).
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Red blood cell concentrates are produced either from whole blood or by apheresis. Production from whole blood is far more common than apheresis due to collection and production efficacy as well as economical purposes. When red blood cell concentrates are produced from whole blood, the whole blood is first separated through centrifugation (usually between 3000 to 5000 x g). The red blood cells are denser than plasma and the other present blood cells (platelets, white blood cells) and settle at the bottom of the blood bag. After centrifugation, the red blood cells are separated from the other components (the majority of the plasma, platelets and white blood cells) through the use of an extractor (also referred to as blood press). After extraction, an additive solution is usually added in a ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2. The purpose of the additive solution is to maintain adequate viscosity, provide nutrients and ATP/GTP building blocks and reduce haemolysis generation throughout blood bank storage. Choice of additive solution has an impact on the red blood cell viability and, thereby, shelf life (expiry date) of the red blood cell concentrate. Usually, shelf life is limited to 4 to 6 weeks, provided that the red blood cell concentrates are stored in adequate conditions (2-6 °C). Commercial additive solutions are typically based on saline. They usually contain glucose, adenine, mannitol and, sometimes, phosphate and guanosine. The additive solution has no, or very little, buffering capacity, but buffering is provided by the red blood cells themselves.
=== Endocrine === Chronic, persistent hyperglycemia is most often a result of diabetes. Several hormones act to increase blood glucose levels and may thus cause hyperglycemia when present in excess, including: cortisol, catecholamines, growth hormone, glucagon, and thyroid hormones. Hyperglycemia may thus be seen in: Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, hyperglucagonemia, and hyperthyroidism.
The catalytic cycle begins with coordination of the Cu(I) species to the olefin, followed by oxidative addition at the γ position and an allylic shift to displace the leaving group. This generates a Cu(III) allyl complex intermediate. Finally, reductive elimination yields the final product and regenerates Cu(I). A Cu(III) intermediate has not been confirmed by isolation from allylic substitutions, but Cu(III) intermediates have been isolated before, thus providing credence to the proposed mechanism. If reductive elimination does not occur fast enough, the γ allyl complex can isomerize to the α allyl complex and yield the α substituted isomer as a byproduct. This side pathway can be prevented by using electron withdrawing ligands on copper, typically a cyanide or halide ligand, which promote reductive elimination.
Cyanosis, pallor along upper parts of body (blue skin) Cor pulmonale (right ventricle heart disease) Respiratory insufficiency Patients with silicosis are particularly susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) infection—known as silicotuberculosis. The reason for the increased risk—3 fold increased incidence—is not well understood. It is thought that silica damages pulmonary macrophages, inhibiting their ability to kill mycobacteria. Even workers with prolonged silica exposure, but without silicosis, are at a similarly increased risk for TB. Pulmonary complications of silicosis also include chronic bronchitis and airflow limitation (indistinguishable from that caused by smoking), non-tuberculous Mycobacterium infection, fungal lung infection, compensatory emphysema, and pneumothorax. There are some data revealing an association between silicosis and certain autoimmune diseases, including nephritis, scleroderma, and systemic lupus erythematosus, especially in acute or accelerated silicosis. In 1996, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reviewed the medical data and classified crystalline silica as "carcinogenic to humans." The risk was best seen in cases with underlying silicosis, with relative risks for lung cancer of 2–4. Numerous subsequent studies have been published confirming this risk. In 2006, Pelucchi et al. concluded, "The silicosis-cancer association is now established, in agreement with other studies and meta-analysis."
However the secondary meaning of Basque gibel is "indolence". In biblical Hebrew, the word for liver, כבד (Kauved, stemmed KBD or KVD, similar to Arabic الكبد), also means heavy and is used to describe the rich ("heavy" with possessions) and honor (presumably for the same reason). In the Book of Lamentations (2:11) it is used to describe the physiological responses to sadness by "my liver spilled to earth" along with the flow of tears and the overturning in bitterness of the intestines. On several occasions in the book of Psalms (most notably 16:9), the word is used to describe happiness in the liver, along with the heart (which beats rapidly) and the flesh (which appears red under the skin). Further usage as the self (similar to "your honor") is widely available throughout the old testament, sometimes compared to the breathing soul (Genesis 49:6, Psalms 7:6, etc.). An honorable hat was also referred to with this word (Job 19:9, etc.) and under that definition appears many times along with פאר Pe'er - grandeur. These four meanings were used in preceding ancient Afro-Asiatic languages such as Akkadian and Ancient Egyptian preserved in classical Ethiopic Ge'ez language. Anatomical and medical terminology often use the prefix hepat- from ἡπατο-, from the Greek word for liver, such as hepatology, and hepatitis
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
SR9009 is a synthetic research compound that binds and modulates the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. It is used in laboratory studies of circadian biology and metabolism, not as an approved medicine. It is also known by the informal name Stenabolic.
No. SR9009 has not been approved as a therapeutic drug in the United States, European Union, or other major markets. Human safety and efficacy data are very limited. Its presence in consumer products does not imply regulatory approval.
The World Anti-Doping Agency lists SR9009 as a prohibited substance because it can alter gene expression and metabolic pathways relevant to performance. The ban applies at all times, not only during competition. Detection relies on laboratory methods such as mass spectrometry.
Its legal status depends on the country and intended use. It is not an approved medicine in major jurisdictions. In sport, it is prohibited by anti-doping rules.